「約定好打勾勾，說謊的人要被揍萬拳、吞千根針，約定好囉！（指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます、指切った！）」這句話經常出現在日本動漫或日劇中，但最近對這句話有了更深的認識。
“Finger cut-off (pinky swear), ten thousand fist-punchings, whoever lies has to swallow thousand needles! (指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます、指切った！)” This saying often appears in ACG or Japanese drama, while it’s until these days I know much more about it.
“Finger cut-off (pinky swear), ten thousand fist-punchings, whoever lies has to swallow thousand needles! (指切拳万、嘘ついたら針千本呑ます、指切った！)” This saying often appears in ACG or Japanese drama, while it’s until these days I know much more about it.
為什麼是打勾勾(切手指)呢？切手指這個刑罰最早紀錄在日本編年體史書「吾妻鏡」（或稱「東鑑」）之中。根據書中記載，一位名為鮫嶋四郎的武士為了負起引起武家內訌之責而切了手指。吾妻鏡記下此事的部分出現於以下這一段：
Well, why is it “finger cut-off?” This punishment was first recorded in Japanese historical annuals Azuma Kagami(吾妻鏡/東鑑). According to the book, a samurai named Shirou Sameshima(鮫嶋四郎) had his finger cut in order to take the responsibility of causing of internal strife. The part of the annuals where this thing was recorded is the following:
Well, why is it “finger cut-off?” This punishment was first recorded in Japanese historical annuals Azuma Kagami(吾妻鏡/東鑑). According to the book, a samurai named Shirou Sameshima(鮫嶋四郎) had his finger cut in order to take the responsibility of causing of internal strife. The part of the annuals where this thing was recorded is the following:
❝元暦元年六月小十七日甲戌。鮫嶋四郎於御前に召し、右手指を切令め給ふ。 是、昨夕の騒動之間、御方討の罪科有る之故也。[1][2]❞
這段引文的意思是「元曆元年六月十七日。鮫嶋四郎受召至(源賴朝)前，切下右手手指並奉上。這是贖昨日下午在騷動之中誤殺友方之罪。」
The quotation is, “Genryaku 1, 17th day of 6th month. Shirou Sameshirou was summoned (by Minamoto no Yoritomo), cutting his right-hand finger and packing it. This is for his manslaughter in the evening before the day.”
The quotation is, “Genryaku 1, 17th day of 6th month. Shirou Sameshirou was summoned (by Minamoto no Yoritomo), cutting his right-hand finger and packing it. This is for his manslaughter in the evening before the day.”
室町幕府於永正9年(1512)訂定有「撰錢令」，對於違反者有「男則砍頭，女則切指」的刑罰，而後切手指的刑罰開始被以負責任的刑罰方式被認知。
Ashikaga shogunate enacted a law Erizenirei on Eishō 9, and there was a punishment “decapitation for male and finger cut-off for female” for offenders, and then finger cut-off began to be known as a punishment for taking responsibility.
Ashikaga shogunate enacted a law Erizenirei on Eishō 9, and there was a punishment “decapitation for male and finger cut-off for female” for offenders, and then finger cut-off began to be known as a punishment for taking responsibility.
據說以前日本遊女在與男客立下不變的愛情誓言時會給予對方小指的最後一節（但這樣的行為往往是為了確保客源，而且其實切小指的遊女並不多，常常是以假小指代替）。後來切小指(打勾勾)該使成為表示「一定要遵守諾言」的風俗習慣。[3]
It’s said that Japanese prostitutes would give the man the last phalanx of her little finger when vowing eternal love (However, this is usually for build customer loyalty, and actually only few prostitutes had her finger cut and sent a fake one). Then, finger cut-off became a folkway that symbolizes “we must keep the word.”
It’s said that Japanese prostitutes would give the man the last phalanx of her little finger when vowing eternal love (However, this is usually for build customer loyalty, and actually only few prostitutes had her finger cut and sent a fake one). Then, finger cut-off became a folkway that symbolizes “we must keep the word.”
另外，「針千本(千根針)」的意思其實有些問題。我Google後發現中文和英文圈內都沒有提到，但許多日本人對「針千本(千根針)」有著的另外一個解釋。
Another thing I want to
share is, there’s some question about the meaning of “針千本(thousand needles)”. There’s another explanation of
it many Japanese hold, but, after googling, I found that it is not mentioned in neither the
Chinese community nor the English community.
In Japanese, “針千本(thousand needles)” is porcupinefish, especially long-spine porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus). Long-spine porcupinefish has a short and wide body shape and spines specialized from scales, and its viscera and genital are both poisonous [4][5]. Perhaps the “thousand needles” in the Japanese finger cut-off nursery rhymes actually means this kind of porcupinefish, but even in Japanese community there’s no a conclusion.
◎註腳 Footnotes:
[1] 吾妻鏡入門第三巻 (http://adumakagami.web.fc2.com/aduma03-06.htm)
[2] 吾妻鏡現代語 (http://adumakagami.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2008/04/1184_e8f4.html)
[3] Wikipedia - ゆびきり (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%86%E3%81%B3%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A)
[2] 吾妻鏡現代語 (http://adumakagami.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/2008/04/1184_e8f4.html)
[3] Wikipedia - ゆびきり (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%86%E3%81%B3%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8A)
[4] Wikipedia - ハリセンボン(https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3)
[5] Wikipedia - Long-spine porcupinefish (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-spine_porcupinefish)
◎參考資料 References:
1.
Author, 浪川政浩, &Author, 明石散人.(2007). Essence
of man that man us (Otokodate) Contemporary is lost. Tokyo, Japan: WAVE.
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